The birthplace of Ancient Korea(古朝鮮)-Discussion-4

Main text-4
Geographic location of Old Joseon capitals:
Though Samguk Yusa revealed the legendary story of Old Joseon and named several capitals, the geographic location and sequence of capital change isn’t clear. Since the Old Joseon territory related with the Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou dynasties, the sequence of capital relocation is associated with Rise and Falls of those dynasties . Following is a brief summary of the Old Joseon capital relocation till the Warring States Period:
The Asadal (阿斯達) was the first capital, which is written as “居郁夷，曰暘谷” in the Annals of Shiji and “宅嵎夷，曰暘谷” in the Shang Shu Yu Shu Canon of Yao and Hou Han Shu. It is the same meaning and location in the north western part of Shanxi province by the Fengshui valley. The name of Joseon appears in the Shan Hai Jing and Jiaoshi Yilin(焦氏易林), which has logogram “竊” and lots of names related to the Old Joseon. The noun word “王公” in the Book of Changes and Shijing referred “謂天蓋高” meaning the leader .
Shan Hai Jing (山海經 海內經) replaced the name of Dangun as Tian-du(天毒), literally Poison from the Sky. It is obvious derogative name. This chapter of Shan Hai Jing has details about the rise and fall of Dangun Wanggeom, whom was described as another derogative name Qiè di(竊帝), literally thief emperor. Nevertheless, he was related with the epic flood control. The father of Wu, Gun(鯀) was charged to control the flood, but mismanaged and lost the prime land of Qiè di. The Di doesn’t have choice but ordered to kill Gun. Gun resurrected as Wu and successfully control the flood.
Yue Chun Qiu (吳越春秋) has that Baek-ik made the first draft of Shan Hai Jing and was killed by the mob . Same event of political revolt is written in the Shan Hai Jing as well, but changed the logogram referring to the perpetrator as“夏后啟 to開”meaning “open, or starting” under the name taboo . It is obvious. They ought to have a map showing the hills and creeks to control the epic flood. Baek-ik is elder statesman. Wu was a young energetic leader .
The legendary Gija(箕子) went to Joseon at the end of Shang dynasty around 1046 BC. The relationship between Gija(箕子) and Joseon could be in the annals of Xia, Shang and Zhou. Not well publicized- name Shang-ryong(商容) plays a a missing dot to complete the bridge . According to the Han Shi Wai Zhuan (韓詩外傳 ), by referring the Poem Punish Dan(詩經 國風 魏風伐檀), it reveals that Shang-ryong retreated to the Taihang Mountain (伏於太行) in the north. Others concealed the location with elusive wordings. Annals of Xia has the followings:
[夏本紀:益讓帝禹之子啟，而辟居箕山之陽]. [道黑水，至于三危，入于南海]
The same event were recorded in the “孟子 and 意林”, but changed the word Yang to Yīn. The phrase “三危” is in the Samguk yusa
[孟子: 益避禹之子於箕山之陰]. [意林: 禹崩，益避禹子于箕山之陰]
[Baik-ik served three years of mourning period, to avoid (harsh treatment) Wu’s son Gae opener, went to the Gi mountain.]
It is the region being described in the Book of Changes(焦氏易林) as the land of Joseon where Gija went around 1046 BC. Followings are the Korean syntax reveals the origin of Xiongnu country:
焦氏易林:朝鮮之地，箕伯所保。宜人宜家，業處子孫，求事大喜. 明夷之:
升：鳴條之郊，北奔犬胡。左衽為長，國號匈奴。王君旄頭，立尊單于.
It is appropriate to claim that Baik-ik(伯益) is the founding father, Dangun Wanggeom(壇君王儉) of the Old Joseon.
Since the Book of Wei has that Dangun became an immortal Sage (神仙, Xian) around 425 BC, all the names of Old Joseon capital in the Samguk Yusa had been in the Shanxi Province, not the Korean peninsula. The last one written as “藏唐京” is not a proper noun, but a phrase meaning went into and stayed (藏) at the capital of Dang in the North, which could be interpreted as a PLCs of Bi-Dang(北唐) in the Lost Book of Zhou. The Bi-Dang delegate brought a gift similar (似隃冠) to the gift from the He(解隃冠) nation . It is the place recorded in the as (嵎夷 暘谷), the is “阿斯達” in the Samguk-Yusa.
According to the Bamboo Annals (竹書紀年;Zhushu Jinian), One group of them came back from the north (邠, town by the Fen River)to the Xian valley around 1145 BC, met the new comer from the east, and encountered with them for over a generation. Jili (季歷) set the capital under the Mount Qí(岐山) near the Xian City. His son(西伯 昌, 周文王) set the ground for his son King Wu (周武王, 姬發)to defeat the Shang and established the Zhou dynasty . This event is recorded as “唐虞之際，於斯為盛”in (論衡 佚文) in Confucian scriptures .
Exodus of Baek-ik followers are in the Jiaoshi Yilin. They ran into near Hang mountain (恒山, 常山) and returned to the Xian Valley . Buyeo and Northern Jung ran all over the north China plane (不與夷狄之執中國) as written in the Spring and Autumn Annals and Yan Tie Lun . They had participated to build western Zhou culture and being faced atrocity as written in the Shijing .

Joseon Capital during the Spring and Autumn period:
The Guanzi(管子) compiled by Guan Zhong (管仲: 720 BC-645 BC) named the extra northern state as Bal Joseon(發朝鮮) and the leader’s name as Mo(北州侯莫). The capital of Bal Joseon ought to be in the Tai-Hang Mountain region. However, neither Three Commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋三傳) nor Zuo Qiuming(左丘明) left the word Joseon. They concealed.
Some scholars claim that the mythical Citadel 溥彼韓城 of Lord Hahn 韓侯 who met King Xuan of Zhou(周宣王, r. 827-782 BC) was in the current Baoding city(保定市) that is in the SW of Beijing City .

Capital during the Warring States Period:
Literally the valley in the north (上谷) appears in the event related to after Warring States Period. It is one of four most northern prefectures during the first Emperor Qin shi huang and where the Battle of Zhuolu (涿鹿之戰) battle took place . The valley in the north (上谷)appears in the books compiled during the era of later Han. The landmark dictionary Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)was compiled during later Han by Xu Shen (許慎:c. 58 – c. 148 CE), has clearly described the Valley in the North (上谷有𨜒縣)as the town where remote founding father of Shang dynasty settled. Xun Yue (荀悦:148–209) compiled the Qian Han Ji(前漢紀) which has description of Xiongnu culture and territory. I stated that 137 BC(元光元年) Joseon (朝鮮) was in the Northeast of (上谷之東北) . Other scriptures also stated that the Legendary Battle(上谷之涿鹿) was held in the Valley in the North . The an Tie Lun(鹽鐵論) and The Zhan Guo Ce(戰國策 燕一) also have that Joseon was in the south of current Great Wall .

Capital of Joseon in the in the Fāngyán (揚子方言):
Joseon appeared many times in the Fāngyán. The following two
“燕代朝鮮洌水之間, 燕之外鄙，朝鮮洌水之間 ” reveal the fact. Joseon was somewhere around the southwestern shore of Bal-hae Bay to the Taihang mountains. Their capital ought to be in the south of current Great Wall. Most likely, Sima Qian made a new name Yang-pyong (襄平) out of old capital Pyongyang (平壤,平陽) in the east of Beijing Municipality. It is most likely around the Jizhou(蓟州. 薊. 無終) in the Google map . That is in the Haeha(海河) watershed area and had been the homeland of Yemaek(貊國)people . The royal family of Baekje derived from the Buyeo Kingdom. The elder brother Biryu (沸流王) came down from Manchuria and settle around the Old capital of Joseon recorded as Michu-hol(彌鄒忽) in Samguk Sagi. It was engraved the citadel of Michu(彌鄒城) in King Gwanggaeto Stele .
Capital during the Qin shi Huang:
Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇) was the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BC, and connected Yan Wall to protect northerner, known as Hu and Dong-Hu (胡, 東胡) invasion. The king of Joseon aware of the southern power, but not submitted to the Qin shi Huang. He was arrogant. The decisive moment in the ancient history of Joseon was in 208 BC . It is the dividing point of NEA history from Classic Antiquity to Middle Antiquity. Western cousin took blitz attack and kill the eastern rival known as Dong-hu by the Grand Historian. The same event was recorded in the Book of Three Kingdoms as Dong-Hu king to King (時朝鮮王否立) of Joseon. It is testament that the ancestors of Joseon people came from the west and being recorded as Hu(胡). Southerners built the Great Wall to protect from the Old Joseon in the north who lived in the vast northern prairies.
The Dong-Hu King was killed in the Zhāoyáng(朝陽) in the South West of Liaoning Province. It is the same place where Wei-Man set the capital known as Wang-Heum-Seong(王險城) and King Wugeo (朝鮮王右渠) was killed in 108 BC . According to the locals, Man (朝鮮王滿) was a Manchurian who came back and claimed the King .

Manchurian History still remained under thick layers of fog:
Since the southerners didn’t have access to the northern territory, all the records relating to the Manchuria are ambiguous. Chen Shou was the master of Chinese hermeneutics at that time, equivalent to Sima Qian and Confucius, or Shakespeare in English on that regard. The logograms that Chen Shui left are the main source of disputes among scholars. Some might name it as War of History amongst China, Korea, and Japan. He concealed the existence of Baekjae as did Sima Qian and the Three Commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋三傳) onto the Old Joseon and Bal-Joseon.
They did it by ignoring the millennia old custom of northern herdsmen. The influential lady shaman (mother) was the tribal leader. Confucius is the son of herdsman Shuliang He (叔梁纥 ) and lady Jung(徵) of Hae (蓋鄹曼). A group of his follower lead by Zengzi (曾子; 505–435 BC) deviated from Confucius teaching and implemented neo-Confucian doctrine. The official line of political power shifted to the male; father to son. In fact nomadic tribes maintained matriarch society “倭女王卑彌呼,女國”for long time .
Family name Hae/Ha (蓋, 解, 亥, 海, 夏) derived from the mythological emperor Zhuanxu (顓頊)Gao Yang . Baekjae royal family used Ha language (夏語) was the dominant seafarer originated in the Tianjin (天津, meaning the Sea port of Heavenly Son) and built mighty empire (東夷强國) circling around the Hahn Hae(翰海 瀚海) which is the body of sea combining the Yellow Sea and the east sea of China by the Google Map .

Details of Manchurian history was recorded by Chen Shou through the officers from Liaoning region (今使譯所通, literally the current delegate and translator came from) and the word of local elders. He used the word “current” often. By mistake, he revealed the name Joseon as current Joseon (今朝鮮) with many other names.
The Records of the Three Kingdoms has covered the history of the late Eastern Han dynasty and the Dong-Yi including Japanese archipelago. Chen Shou cited lots of historiographies relating with the Feudal State Wei of Warring Period such as “王沈魏書, 魏書, 魏略, 孫盛魏氏春秋, 臣松之案魏書” so on, and explained Joseon quite differently than Shiji . It is apparent that they had new source of information which the Grand Historian Sima Qian(司馬遷) didn’t have.
The new source of information ought to be the Record unearthed in 280  BC from the ancient tomb of King  Anxi of Wei ( 魏安僖王; died 243 BC),  in the Valley of North (汲郡) known as “汲郡古文”^[1].

[1].晉書 蓋魏國之史書: 初，太康二年，汲郡人不準盜發魏襄王墓，或言安釐王冢，得竹書數十車。其《紀年》十三篇，記夏以來至周幽王為犬戎所滅，以事接之，三家分，仍述魏事至安釐王之二十年。蓋魏國之史書，大略與《春秋》皆多相應。其中經傳大異，則云夏年多殷；益乾啟位，啟殺之；太甲殺伊尹；文丁殺季歷；自周受命，至穆王百年，非穆王壽百歲也；幽王既亡，有共伯和者攝行天子事，非二相共和也. 史記 魏世家: 三十四年，安釐王卒，太子增立，是為景湣王。信陵君無忌卒。

They said it was all about the history of Wei Nation (蓋魏國之史書) written archaic logograms, couldn’t be interpreted well . The thief who excavated the tomb (汲郡人不準) and King of Joseon in Manchuria shared the same family name (否,不,非,費) meaning sur-ray or beam of light . It could be recorded as High Wei or Xie (高, 魏,解, 亥) as in the Xiechi-pool.
Sushen (肅慎, 今朝鮮)who lived in the Haicheng area (海城市) of the southern Manchuria and Western Jin (西晉: 266–316) maintained trade, most likely through the sea route. They visited Jin capital often and came few months after historic archeological discovery . Cao Cao (曹操) utilized fragmented Joseon tribes, unified Three Kingdoms, and lost to his vassal. Sima (司馬氏) Family used same tactics and made marriage alliance with Sushen (肅慎, 今朝鮮) who were recorded as eastern Wai(東倭) Buyeo(夫餘, 扶餘) or Baekjae (伯濟國, 百濟), and appointed them as high officials in the western Jin thereafter . It is the seeds of the War of the Eight Princes. Western Jin run away to the south. It is fair to speculate that Ye-Maek people in the Manchurian got the information and could be the source that Monk Il-Yeon cited, and Samguk Sagi (三國史記) used as well .
The prominent tribes “肅慎氏, 玄都氏” who participated to the Birth of Old Joseon were absorbed by the Goguryeo in 280. The name Korea derived from the Goguryeo. Goryeo (高麗: 918–1392) absorbed a small portion of Balhae(渤海: 698–926) in Manchuria and Silla in the south. Eventually two cousins faced each other. The northwestern cousin claimed that they were a branch of Donghu (東胡) and the legitimate offspring of Goguryeo. They built the Khitan (契丹國, 遼朝: 916–1125) empire stretching from Manchuria to the central Asia and destroyed by Eastern nemesis Jin dynasty (金朝: 1115-1234) in the north of Goryeo.

The etymology of Khitan was discussed before .
The southerners dislike the northerners and named accordingly.
The Jurchen (女真) is the latest one. They used few PSMCs such as “女眞, 女直” Yet, scholars struggled to pin down the etymology. They spoke a Tungusic language and lived in the Manchuria, built Jin (金) dynasty. They invaded the Northern Song and captures emperor. Thereafter, the word “Jurchen” appeared in the scriptures. It is derogative word converted from the word “辰餘” in “高麗圖經” which is the official report to the Sang Emperor in prepared by the official envoy who visited the Goryeo in 1124 . The title means map and written report. The current record does not have the map attached.
The Jurchen established the Jin dynasty, whose empire conquered the Northern Song in 1127, gaining control of most of North China. They are Ye-Maek(濊貊) tribe living in the Shanxi province. They built the Khitan Empire. The name Khitan (契丹) came from the word hédàn (盍旦) in the Book of Classic Poetry .

End

December 20, 2019

The birthplace of Ancient Korea(古朝鮮)-Discussion-4

Main text-4
Geographic location of Old Joseon capitals:
Though Samguk Yusa revealed the legendary story of Old Joseon and named several capitals, the geographic location and sequence of capital change isn’t clear. Since the Old Joseon territory related with the Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou dynasties, the sequence of capital relocation is associated with Rise and Falls of those dynasties . Following is a brief summary of the Old Joseon capital relocation till the Warring States Period:
The Asadal (阿斯達) was the first capital, which is written as “居郁夷，曰暘谷” in the Annals of Shiji and “宅嵎夷，曰暘谷” in the Shang Shu Yu Shu Canon of Yao and Hou Han Shu. It is the same meaning and location in the north western part of Shanxi province by the Fengshui valley. The name of Joseon appears in the Shan Hai Jing and Jiaoshi Yilin(焦氏易林), which has logogram “竊”, lots of names related to the Old Joseon, and some of Korean syntax.
Shan Hai Jing (山海經 海內經) replaced the name of Dangun as Tian-du(天毒), literally Poison from the Sky. It is obvious derogative name. This chapter of Shan Hai Jing has details about the rise and fall of Dangun Wanggeom, whom was described as another derogative name Qiè di(竊帝), literally thief emperor. Nevertheless, he was related with the epic flood control. The father of Wu, Gun(鯀) was charged to control the flood, but mismanaged and lost the prime land of Qiè di. The Di doesn’t have choice but ordered to kill Gun. The Wu Yue Chun Qiu (吳越春秋) has that Baek-ik made the first draft of Shan Hai Jing and was killed by the mob . Same event of political revolt is written in the Shan Hai Jing as well, but changed the logogram referring to the perpetrator as“夏后啟 to開”meaning “open, or starting” under the name taboo . It is obvious. They ought to have a map showing the hills and creeks to control the epic flood.
The legendary Gija(箕子) went to Joseon at the end of Shang dynasty around 1046 BC. The relationship between Gija(箕子) and Joseon could be in the annals of Xia, Shang and Zhou. Not well publicized- name Shang-ryong(商容) completed the bridge . According to the Han Shi Wai Zhuan (韓詩外傳 ), by referring the Poem Punish Dan(詩經 國風 魏風伐檀), it reveals that Shang-ryong retreated to the Taihang Mountain (伏於太行) in the north. Others concealed the location with elusive wordings. Annals of Xia has the followings:
[夏本紀:益讓帝禹之子啟，而辟居箕山之陽]. [道黑水，至于三危，入于南海]
The same event were recorded in the “孟子 and 意林”, but changed the word Yang to Yīn. The phrase “三危” is in the Samguk yusa
[孟子: 益避禹之子於箕山之陰]. [意林: 禹崩，益避禹子于箕山之陰]
[Baik-ik served three years of mourning period, to avoid (harsh treatment) Wu’s son Gae opener, went to the Gi mountain.]
It is the region being described in the Book of Changes(焦氏易林) as the land of Joseon where Gija went around 1046 BC:
焦氏易林:朝鮮之地，箕伯所保。宜人宜家，業處子孫，求事大喜. 明夷之:
升：鳴條之郊，北奔犬胡。左衽為長，國號匈奴。王君旄頭，立尊單于.
It is appropriate to claim that Baik-ik(伯益) is the founding father, Dangun Wanggeom(壇君王儉) of the Old Joseon.
Since the Book of Wei has that Dangun became an immortal Sage(神仙, Xian) around 425 BC, all the names of Old Joseon capital in the Samguk Yusa had been in the Shanxi Province, not the Korean peninsula. The last one written as “藏唐京” is not a propernoun, but a phrase meaning went into and stayed (藏) at the capital of Dang in the North, which could be interpreted as a PLCs of Bi-Dang(北唐) in the Lost Book of Zhou. The Bi-Dang delegate brought a gift similar (似隃冠) to the gift from the He(解隃冠) nation . It is the place recorded in the as (嵎夷 暘谷), the is “阿斯達” in the Samguk-Yusa.
According to the Bamboo Annals (竹書紀年;Zhushu Jinian), One group of them came back from the north to the Xian valley around 1145 BC, met the new comer from the east, and encountered with them for over a generation. Jili (季歷) set the capital under the Mount Qí(岐山) near the Xian City. His grandson King Wu defeated the Shang and established the Zhou dynasty . This event is recorded as “唐虞之際，於斯為盛”in (論衡 佚文) in Confucian scriptures .
Exodus of Baek-ik followers to near Hang mountain and returning to the Xian Valley are in the Jiaoshi Yilin :

Joseon Capital during the Spring and Autumn period:
The Guanzi(管子) compiled by Guan Zhong (管仲: 720 BC-645 BC) named the extra northern state (夫餘州) as Bal Joseon(發朝鮮) and the leader as (北州侯莫). The capital of Bal Joseon ought to be in the Tai-Hang Mountain region. However, neithe Three Commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋三傳) nor Zuo Qiuming(左丘明) left the word Joseon.
Some scholars claim that the mythical Citadel 溥彼韓城 of Lord Hahn 韓侯 who met King Xuan of Zhou(周宣王, r. 827-782 BC) was in the current Baoding city(保定市) which is in the SW of Beijing City .

Capital during the Warring States Period:
Literally the valley in the north (上谷) appears in the event related to after Warring States Period. It is one of four most northern prefectures during the first Emperor Qin shi huang and where the legendary battle took place . The valley in the north (上谷)appears in the books compiled during the era of later Han. The landmark dictionary Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)was compiled during later Han by Xu Shen (許慎:c. 58 – c. 148 CE), has clearly described the Valley in the North as the town where remote founding father of Shang dynasty settled. Xun Yue (荀悦:148–209) compiled the Qian Han Ji(前漢紀) which has description of Xiongnu culture and territory. I stated that 137 BC(元光元年) Joseon(朝鮮) was in the Northeast of (上谷之東北) . Other scriptures also stated that the Legendary Battle(上谷之涿鹿) was held in the Valley in the North .
鹽鐵論 ) and The Zhan Guo Ce(戰國策 燕一) has that Joseon was in the south of current Great Wall .
Joseon appeared many times in the Fāngyán (揚子方言) as “燕代朝鮮洌水之間, 燕之外鄙，朝鮮洌水之間, ”somewhere around the southwestern shore of Bal-hae Bay to the Taihang mountains . That is the Haeha(海河) watershed area which had been the home land of Yemaek people. As explained in the previous section, they concealed the boundary of Joseon. Their capital ought to be in the south of current Great Wall.

Capital during the Qin shi Huang:
Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇) was the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BC, and connected Yan Wall to protect northerner, known as Hu and Dong-Hu (胡, 東胡) invasion. The decisive moment in the ancient history of Joseon was in 208 BC . It is the dividing point of NEA history from Classic Antiquity to Middle Antiquity. Western cousin took blitz attack kill the eastern rival known as Dong-hu by the Grand Historian. The same event was recorded in the Book of Three Kingdoms as Dong-Hu king to King (時朝鮮王否立) of Joseon . It is testament that the ancestors of Joseon people came from the west and being recorded as Hu(胡). Southerners built the Great Wall to protect from the Old Joseon in the north who lived in the vast northern prairies.
The Dong-Hu King was killed in the Zhāoyáng(朝陽) in the South West of Liaoning Province. It is the same place where Wei-Man set the capital known as Wang-Heum-Seong(王險城) and King Wugeo (朝鮮王右渠) was killed in 108 BC . According to the locals, Man (朝鮮王滿) was a Manchurian who came back claimed the King .

Manchurian History still remained under thick layers of fog:
Since the southerners didn’t have access to the northern territory, all the records relating to the Manchuria are ambiguous. Chen Shou was the master of Chinese hermeneutics at that time, equivalent to Sima Qin and Confucius, or Shakespeare in English on that regard. The logograms that Chen Shui left are the main source of disputes among scholars. Some might name it as War of History amongst China, Korea, and Japan. He concealed the existence of Baekjae as did Sima Qin and the Three Commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋三傳) onto the Old Joseon and Bal-Joseon.
They did it by ignoring the millennia old custom of northern herdsmen. The influential lady shaman (mother) was the tribal leader. Confucius is the son of herdsman Shuliang He (叔梁纥 ) and lady Jung(徵) of Hae (蓋鄹曼). A group of his follower lead by Zengzi (曾子; 505–435 BC) deviated from Confucius teaching and implemented neo-Confucian doctrine. By doing so, the official line of political power shifted mother to daughter to the father to son.
Family name Hae (蓋, 解, 亥, 海, 夏) derived from the mythological emperor Zhuanxu (顓頊)Gao Yang . Baekjae royal family used Hae language (夏語) was the dominant seafarer originated in the Tianjin (天津, meaning the Sea port of Heavenly Son) and built mighty empire (東夷强國) circling around the Hahn Hae(翰海 瀚海) which is the body of sea combining the Yellow Sea and the east sea of China by the Google Map .

Details of Manchurian history was recorded by Chen Shou through the officers came from Liaoning region (今使譯所通, literally the current delegate and translator came from) and the word of local elders. The used the word “current” often. Current Joseon (今朝鮮) was described with many other names.
The Records of the Three Kingdoms has covered the history of the late Eastern Han dynasty and the Dong-Yi including Japanese archipelago. Chen Shou cited lots of historiographies relating with the Feudal State Wei of Warring Period such as “王沈魏書, 魏書, 魏略, 孫盛魏氏春秋, 臣松之案魏書” so on, and explained Joseon quite differently than Shiji . It is apparent that they had new source of information which the Grand Historian Sima Qian (司馬遷) didn’t have.
The new source of information ought to be the Record unearthed in 280 BC from the ancient tomb of King Anxi (魏安僖王; 276 -243 BC), in the Valley of North (汲郡) known as “汲郡古文”, which couldn’t be interpreted well.  It was all about the history of Wei Nation (蓋魏國之史書) written archaic logograms. The started chronologically (紀年體) from the Xia dynasty till (記夏以來至周幽王), then mentioned the landmark event, the split House of Jin(三家分) till the King Li of Zhou (周厲王; 877–841 BC) who died in the Xiongnu territory. Leader Hwa of Gong clan (共伯和) managed till the son of King Li stepped in and revived Zhou court. But he was killed and Western Zhou collapsed soon. It is conceivable. The Bamboo script was The primary source of Book of Wei that Monk Ilyeon cited about the the legend of Dangun Wanggeom.   Sushen (肅慎)who lived in the Haicheng area (海城市) of the southern Manchuria, recorded as Current Joseon (今朝鮮), and Western Jin (西晉: 266–316)maintained trade. They visited Jin capital often and came few months after historic archeological discovery . Cao Cao (曹操) utilized fragmented Joseon tribes, unified Three Kingdoms, and lost to his vassal. Sima (司馬氏) Family used same tactics and made marriage alliance with Sushen (肅慎, 今朝鮮) who were recorded as eastern Wai(東倭) Buyeo(夫餘, 扶餘) or Baekjae (伯濟國, 百濟), and appointed them as high officials in the western Jin thereafter . It is the seeds of the War of the Eight Princes. Western Jin run away to the south. It is fair to speculate that they got the information and could be the source that Monk Il-Yeon cited, and Samguk Sagi (三國史記) used as well .
The prominent tribes “肅慎氏, 玄都氏” who participated to the Birth of Old Joseon were absorbed by the Goguryeo in 280. The name Korea derived from the Goguryeo. Goryeo (高麗: 918–1392) absorbed a small portion of Balhae(渤海: 698–926) in Manchuria and Silla in the south and faced with northwestern cousin who claimed that they were a branch of Donghu (東胡) and the legitimate offspring of Goguryeo. They built the Khitan (契丹國, 遼朝: 916–1125)empire stretching to the central Asia and destroyed by Eastern nemesis Jin dynasty (金朝: 1115-1234) in the north of Goryeo.
The etymology of Khitan was discussed before .
The southerners dislike the northerners and named accordingly.
The Jurchen (女真) is the latest one. They used few PSMCs such as “女眞, 女直” Yet, scholars struggled to pin down the etymology. They spoke a Tungusic language and lived in the Manchuria, built Jin dynasty. They invaded the Northern Song and captures emperor. Thereafter, the word “Jurchen” appeared in the scriptures. It is derogative word converted from the word “辰餘” in “高麗圖經” which is the official report to the Sang Emperor in prepared by the official envoy who visited the Goryeo in 1124 . The title means map and written report. Yet, the current record do not have map attached.
The Jurchen established the Jin dynasty, whose empire conquered the Northern Song in 1127, gaining control of most of North China. Jin rule lasted until the Mongols conquered them in 1234. They are Ye-Maek(濊貊) tribe living in the Shanxi province. They built the Khitan Empire. The name Khitan (契丹) came from the word hédàn (盍旦) in the Book of Classic Poetry .

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